{"id":67061,"date":"2017-08-30T17:25:01","date_gmt":"2017-08-30T15:25:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/castellieredinoal.it\/eta-del-ferro\/"},"modified":"2023-12-31T12:38:54","modified_gmt":"2023-12-31T11:38:54","slug":"the-iron-age","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/castellieredinoal.it\/en\/the-iron-age\/","title":{"rendered":"The Iron Age"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;-4&#8243; shift_y_fixed=&#8221;yes&#8221; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; align_horizontal=&#8221;align_right&#8221; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; border_color=&#8221;color-gyho&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; medium_width=&#8221;2&#8243; align_mobile=&#8221;align_center_mobile&#8221; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;3\/12&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1495102345881{border-right-width: 1px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h3&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h3&#8243; text_space=&#8221;fontspace-781688&#8243; text_font=&#8221;font-202503&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;200&#8243; text_transform=&#8221;uppercase&#8221;]9th &#8211; 8th CENTURY A.C.[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;6&#8243; align_mobile=&#8221;align_center_mobile&#8221; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;9\/12&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text_size=&#8221;fontsize-155944&#8243; text_space=&#8221;fontspace-781688&#8243; text_font=&#8221;font-202503&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;200&#8243; text_italic=&#8221;yes&#8221;]The Iron Age[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;25&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column column_width_use_pixel=&#8221;yes&#8221; font_family=&#8221;font-202503&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; align_mobile=&#8221;align_center_mobile&#8221; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; column_width_pixel=&#8221;800&#8243;][vc_column_text text_lead=&#8221;yes&#8221;]Between the 9th and 8th cent. B.C. No\u00e0l castelliere was rebuilt even stronger by further raising the terreplein until it reached monumental dimensions which made it visible from afar. In order to counter the terreplein thrust, some buttresses were built on the inside, and next to them there were some small buildings used as housing and craft workshops. In the 5th-4th cent. B.C. (presence of ancient Veneti) the terreplein was further raised. Also during the Iron Age an extended phase of fires, caused by war events, caused the destruction of the castelliere.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;4&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;4&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_space=&#8221;fontspace-111509&#8243; text_font=&#8221;font-202503&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;300&#8243;]Woman who grinds with a vase next to her[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text text_lead=&#8221;yes&#8221;]<span class=\"font-202503\">The drawing shows how wheat or other cereals were ground manually.<br \/>\nA \u201csmall and well graded\u201d sandstone quern, similar to that in the drawing, was found in No\u00e0l; it was certainly found on a river or stream bed in Belluno territory.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-202503\"><br \/>\nA vase, decorated with a notched cord, reminds the pottery fragments of Iron Age containers found in No\u00e0l excavations.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;66175&#8243; media_lightbox=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;alpha-anim&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;4&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_space=&#8221;fontspace-111509&#8243; text_font=&#8221;font-202503&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;300&#8243;]Certosa type fibula and serpentine bow fibula[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text text_lead=&#8221;yes&#8221;]<span class=\"font-202503\">A bronze Certosa type fibula fastens the woman\u2019s shawl: fibula is the Latin name of the safety pin used in ancient times to fasten clothing. It is made up of a pin (barb), a protective part (bow) which holds it fast on the fabric, the spring and the clamp which hosts and stops the sharp end of the pin. Depending on its shape it is possible to establish what age it dates back to. The Certosa type fibula (5th-4th century B.C.) owes its name to a necropolis in the Bologna area where large quantities of such fibulae where found. The other one is a serpentine bow fibula. In the drawing the parts of fibula found during the excavations are coloured, while the missing parts are just drawn.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_gallery el_id=&#8221;gallery-151482&#8243; type=&#8221;carousel&#8221; medias=&#8221;67070,67155&#8243; gallery_back_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; carousel_lg=&#8221;2&#8243; carousel_md=&#8221;2&#8243; carousel_sm=&#8221;1&#8243; thumb_size=&#8221;one-one&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; media_items=&#8221;icon,caption&#8221; carousel_interval=&#8221;3000&#8243; carousel_navspeed=&#8221;400&#8243; stage_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; single_overlay_opacity=&#8221;50&#8243; single_text_anim_type=&#8221;btt&#8221; single_image_anim=&#8221;no&#8221; single_h_align=&#8221;center&#8221; single_padding=&#8221;1&#8243; single_text_reduced=&#8221;yes&#8221; single_title_dimension=&#8221;h3&#8243; single_icon=&#8221;fa fa-search3&#8243; single_border=&#8221;yes&#8221; single_css_animation=&#8221;zoom-in&#8221; single_animation_delay=&#8221;200&#8243; items=&#8221;eyI1NjY4OF9pIjp7InNpbmdsZV9pY29uIjoiIiwic2luZ2xlX3dpZHRoIjoiMTIiLCJpbWFnZXNfc2l6ZSI6InNpeHRlZW4tbmluZSJ9LCI1ODQ3MF9pIjp7InNpbmdsZV93aWR0aCI6IjEyIiwiaW1hZ2VzX3NpemUiOiJmb3VyLXRocmVlIn19&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;4&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;4&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_space=&#8221;fontspace-111509&#8243; text_font=&#8221;font-202503&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;300&#8243;]Rebuilding of the castelliere[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_space=&#8221;fontspace-781688&#8243; text_font=&#8221;font-136168&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;100&#8243; text_italic=&#8221;yes&#8221;]<span class=\"font-134980 font-202503 font-136168\" style=\"color: #808080;\">(9th- 8th century B.C.)<\/span>[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text text_lead=&#8221;yes&#8221;]<span class=\"font-202503\">Between the 9th and the 8th century, a local community, which certainly had extensive engineering knowledge, chose again the top of the hill nowadays called Mirab\u00e8i (lit. \u201cnice view\u201d, due to its scenic view) to build their fortified village, where there was already one (destroyed by fire) in the Bronze Age.<br \/>\nIt was the period when several castellieri rose on the top of a lot of hills in Belluno and Feltre area (similarly to what happened above all in Venezia Giulia and Istria regions). No\u00e0l castelliere was certainly very important because it controlled a territory crossed by those who needed supplies of metals (to be found in the Mis Valley, Agordo and Trento areas) which were of fundamental importance. As you can see in the picture, a lot of people worked to cut the trees, get the stone (by creating quarries nearby where there is abundance of sass mort [lit. dead stone]), dig ditches and transport all materials (also stones and earth). They chipped the rock to lay down stones, they modelled part of it (rise \u201cB\u201d), they raised a terreplein by creating some terraces (bank \u201cC\u201d). By using vertical and horizontal logs well tied up and filling them up with earth, pebbles and stones without mortar, they put up various orders of palisades. With stones and horizontal poles, they raised two big towers on the two heads of the terreplein (rises \u201cA\u201d and \u201cB\u201d) whose rubble masonry walls (one part is still visible) where filled with material. In order to safely support the terreplein, some buttresses were built on the inside: from the centre they radiated towards the terreplein into which they entered to be tied to the structure. Some small buildings were raised against the buttresses. It was a monumental structure which was visible from far away and which was meant to awe with the show of such strength. Nonetheless, all this was not enough later on when there were strong tensions and unrest in the area: the castelliere was burnt down again, probably due to war events.<br \/>\nArchaeological excavations have shown evidence of great fires which caused extensive destruction in the Iron Age layers. After a certain period, in the 5th-4th century (with ancient Veneti) the castelliere rose again and was raised even further.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; align_horizontal=&#8221;align_center&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;4&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;66200&#8243; media_lightbox=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;alpha-anim&#8221; animation_delay=&#8221;200&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;67149&#8243; media_lightbox=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;alpha-anim&#8221; animation_delay=&#8221;200&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;67130&#8243; media_lightbox=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;alpha-anim&#8221; animation_delay=&#8221;200&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;4&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;color-uydo&#8221; el_width=&#8221;50%&#8221; el_height=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_space=&#8221;fontspace-111509&#8243; text_font=&#8221;font-202503&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;300&#8243;]Roman fibula[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text text_lead=&#8221;yes&#8221;]<span class=\"font-202503\">Roman hinge fibula in silver found during excavations in No\u00e0l, which can be dated back to the last thirty years of the 1st century B.C.<br \/>\nUntil now it is the only evidence of the presence of people on the Mirab\u00e8i hill also during the Roman age. It is likely that the Romans had only a sentry post at Mirab\u00e8i. One of their important roads leading to Belluno (some argue it was Via Claudia Augusta built in 15 B.C.) crossed Longano, Santa Susanna hill, Triva, Pasa, San Fermo and Salce.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;67152&#8243; media_lightbox=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; css_animation=&#8221;alpha-anim&#8221; animation_delay=&#8221;200&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"font-202503\" style=\"color: #808080;\">~<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67061","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/castellieredinoal.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67061","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/castellieredinoal.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/castellieredinoal.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/castellieredinoal.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/castellieredinoal.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67061"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/castellieredinoal.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67061\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67157,"href":"https:\/\/castellieredinoal.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67061\/revisions\/67157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/castellieredinoal.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67061"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}